Mastering GPS Navigation: A Beginner's Guide to Hiking Trails

Mastering GPS Navigation: A Beginner's Guide to Hiking Trails
By The Now Reviews Hub
Added on Feb 18, 2023

Hiking can be an exhilarating experience, but getting lost can also be easy without proper navigation skills. Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has revolutionized the way we navigate, and it has become an increasingly popular tool for hikers. With the ability to pinpoint your exact location, measure distance, and track your progress, GPS navigation can help you stay on course and reach your destination safely.

However, understanding how to use a GPS device for hiking can be daunting, especially for beginners. With so many different types of devices and features available, it can be difficult to know where to start. This guide will break down the basics of GPS navigation for the trail using the MECE (Mutually Exclusive, Collectively Exhaustive) framework. We will cover everything from understanding GPS technology to advanced navigation techniques and troubleshooting tips. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced hiker, our guide will help you confidently navigate the trail.


Section 1: Understanding GPS Navigation

GPS, or Global Positioning System, is a satellite-based navigation system that provides location and time information. The United States Department of Defense initially developed it for military purposes, but today it is widely used in civilian applications, including hiking and outdoor activities. In this section, we will provide an overview of GPS and how it works, the different types of GPS devices, how to read GPS coordinates and the importance of map and compass skills in conjunction with GPS.

What is GPS, and how does it work? GPS consists of a network of satellites orbiting the Earth, ground control stations, and GPS receivers. The GPS satellites constantly transmit signals to the Earth, which are received by GPS receivers. These signals contain information about the satellite's location and when the call was sent. GPS receivers can determine their location on the Earth's surface by receiving alerts from multiple satellites.

GPS devices - Hiking
Photo by Toomas Tartes / Unsplash

Overview of the different types of GPS devices several different types are suitable for hiking and outdoor activities. Handheld GPS devices are the most popular, as they are compact, durable, and have long battery life. Smartphones with GPS capabilities are also commonly used for hiking, but they may not be as accurate as dedicated GPS devices and require an internet connection. Other types of GPS devices include GPS watches, GPS cameras, and GPS tracking devices.

How to read GPS coordinates are a set of numbers representing a specific location on the Earth's surface. GPS coordinates are expressed in latitude and longitude, measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds. Margin measures the distance north or south of the equator, while longitude measures the distance east or west of the Prime Meridian. To read GPS coordinates, you need to understand how to convert degrees, minutes, and seconds to a decimal format, commonly used in GPS devices.

Importance of map and compass skills in conjunction with GPS While GPS devices are helpful for navigation, they should not be relied on as the only means of navigation. It is essential to learn how to read topographic maps and use a compass to navigate, in addition to using a GPS device. Map and compass skills are necessary for navigating in remote or unfamiliar areas, as GPS devices may not always be reliable or accurate. Map and compass skills can also be used to verify the accuracy of GPS readings and to navigate areas where GPS signals are weak or unavailable.

Understanding GPS navigation is essential for safe and enjoyable hiking and outdoor activities. GPS devices are a valuable tool for navigation, but they should be used in conjunction with map and compass skills. By learning how GPS works, the different types of GPS devices, how to read GPS coordinates, and the importance of map and compass skills, you will be well-equipped to navigate the trails confidently.


Section 2: Choosing the Right GPS Device for Hiking

Photo by photo nic / Unsplash

Choosing a suitable GPS device for hiking is an important decision that can impact the safety and enjoyment of your outdoor activities. This section will discuss the factors to consider when selecting a GPS device for hiking, the top-recommended GPS devices, and the pros and cons of using a smartphone for GPS navigation.

Factors to consider when selecting a GPS device for hiking There are several factors to consider when choosing a GPS device for hiking. The first consideration is the accuracy and sensitivity of the device. A GPS device with high precision and sensitivity will provide more reliable and precise location information, which is essential for navigation in remote or challenging terrain. Another critical factor is the battery life of the device. A GPS device with a longer battery life will be more convenient and reliable, especially for longer hikes. Durability and resistance to water and dust are also essential factors to consider, as outdoor activities can expose GPS devices to rugged conditions. Other factors to consider include screen size and readability, storage capacity for maps and waypoints, and the availability of additional features such as a digital compass, barometer, or camera.

Top recommended GPS devices for hiking. several GPS devices on the market are suitable for hiking and outdoor activities. Some of the tops recommended GPS devices include:

Garmin GPSMAP 66i

This device is popular among hikers, as it offers advanced mapping and navigation features, long battery life, and satellite communication capabilities.

Buy Now...

Garmin eTrex 22x:

This device is a compact and affordable option for hikers, with reliable GPS tracking, preloaded topographic maps, and a rugged design.

Buy Now...

Suunto Traverse Alpha:

This device is designed for outdoor enthusiasts, with GPS/GLONASS navigation, barometric pressure monitoring, and weather alerts.

Buy Now...

Magellan eXplorist 310:

This device is a budget-friendly option for hikers, with easy-to-use navigation features and preloaded topographic maps.

Buy Now...

Pros and cons of using a smartphone for GPS navigation Smartphones are commonly used for navigation in outdoor activities, as they are readily available and offer many features beyond navigation. However, there are pros and cons to consider when using a smartphone for GPS navigation.

Pros:

  • Convenience: Smartphones are always with you and can be used for navigation without needing an additional device.
  • Cost: Using a smartphone for navigation can be more cost-effective than purchasing a dedicated GPS device.
  • Additional features: Smartphones offer many other features beyond navigation, such as cameras, internet connectivity, and entertainment options.

Cons:

  • Battery life: Smartphones have limited battery life, especially when using GPS navigation, which can be a concern for longer hikes.
  • Durability: Smartphones are not as durable or rugged as dedicated GPS devices and are more susceptible to damage from drops, water, or dust.
  • Reliability: Smartphones may not always provide reliable or accurate navigation information, especially in remote or challenging terrain.

In summary, choosing a suitable GPS device for hiking is an important decision that can impact your safety and enjoyment of outdoor activities. Factors to consider include accuracy, battery life, durability, and additional features. There are several recommended GPS devices on the market, but selecting a device that meets your specific needs and preferences is essential. While smartphones can be a convenient and cost-effective option for GPS navigation, they also have limitations in terms of battery life, durability, and reliability.


Section 3: Setting Up Your GPS Device

After selecting a GPS device for hiking, the next step is to set it up for use on the trail. This section will discuss the steps to set up your GPS device, how to input waypoints and routes, and tips for conserving battery life while using a GPS device.

Steps to set up your GPS device The first step in setting up your GPS device is to turn it on and ensure that it has a clear view of the sky to establish a strong GPS signal. Once the device has a password, you can configure the settings according to your preferences. This may include selecting the map display type, setting the measurement units, and adjusting the backlight and screen timeout settings.

Next, you can input your starting location and any waypoints or destinations you want to navigate. This can be done manually by entering the coordinates or using mapping software to create and upload a route or track to the device.

It is essential to ensure that the device is calibrated correctly and that the map datum and coordinate system settings are accurate for your location. This will help to ensure that the GPS information is displayed correctly and accurately.

How to input waypoints and routes: Waypoints are specific locations you want to navigate, such as a trailhead or scenic viewpoint. Routes are pre-planned paths you want to follow, such as hiking or multi-day routes. To input waypoints and routes, you can use the device's menu system to create and edit the entries manually or use mapping software to create and upload a file to the device.

Photo by Milan Seitler / Unsplash

When inputting waypoints, it is essential to include a descriptive name and any additional information, such as elevation or notes about the location. This will help you identify the waypoint and navigate it more easily.

When creating routes, it is essential to ensure that the course is accurate and complete, considering potential hazards or obstacles. You can also add waypoints to mark essential locations or landmarks along the route.

Tips for conserving battery life while using a GPS device Conserving battery life is an important consideration when using a GPS device, especially on longer hikes or multi-day trips. Here are some tips for conserving battery life while using a GPS device:

  1. Turn off unnecessary features: Some GPS devices have additional features such as a digital compass, barometer, or camera. Turning off these features when not needed can help conserve battery life.
  2. Reduce screen brightness: The screen is one of the most power-hungry components of a GPS device. Reducing the screen brightness or using the device's backlight only when necessary can help to conserve battery life.
  3. Use power-saving mode: Many GPS devices have a power-saving way that can be activated to reduce power consumption. This mode may disable certain features or reduce the frequency of GPS updates to conserve battery life.
  4. Carry spare batteries or a power bank: Extra batteries or a portable power bank can provide additional power for your GPS device, especially on longer hikes or multi-day trips.

In summary, setting up your GPS device for hiking involves configuring the device settings, inputting waypoints and routes, and ensuring that the device is calibrated and accurate. Conserving battery life is also an important consideration. It can be achieved by turning off unnecessary features, reducing screen brightness, using the power-saving mode, and carrying spare batteries or a power bank.


Section 4: Navigating with a GPS Device

Once you have set up your GPS device for hiking, the next step is to learn how to navigate with it on the trail. In this section, we will discuss how to navigate with a GPS device, how to read the information on the device, and how to troubleshoot common navigation issues.

How to navigate with a GPS device on the trail To navigate with a GPS device, you must first select the appropriate mode or activity type, such as hiking or trail running. Once you have chosen the activity type, you can begin navigating to your desired location using either a waypoint or a pre-planned route.

As you move along the trail, the GPS device will display your current location and any relevant information about the surrounding area, such as the distance to your destination, your current elevation, and your current speed. You can use this information to ensure that you are on the correct path and to make any necessary adjustments to your route.

Reading the information on the GPS device To use a GPS device for navigation effectively, it is essential to understand how to read the information displayed on the device. The most important information displayed on the GPS device includes:

  1. Current location: The GPS device displays your current location in terms of latitude and longitude or other coordinate systems, as well as on a map display.
  2. Elevation: The GPS device also displays your current height, which can help you navigate hilly or mountainous terrain.
  3. Distance to destination: The GPS device displays the distance to your selected destination, which can help track your progress and ensure that you are on the correct path.
  4. Speed: The GPS device also displays your current rate, which can help track your progress and estimate arrival time.
  5. Battery life: The GPS device displays the remaining battery life, which is essential to monitor to ensure that the device does not run out of power while on the trail.

Troubleshooting common navigation issues While GPS devices are generally reliable and accurate, some common issues may arise while navigating on the trail. Here are some tips for troubleshooting common navigation issues:

  1. Poor signal reception: If the GPS device cannot acquire a strong signal, it may display inaccurate information or be unable to navigate. In this case, it may be helpful to move to an area with a clearer view of the sky or adjust the device's settings to improve signal reception.
  2. Incorrect calibration: If the GPS device is not calibrated correctly, it may display inaccurate information or be unable to navigate. To ensure that the device is calibrated correctly, you can check the map datum, coordinate system settings, and adjust them if necessary.
  3. Incorrect data entry: If the waypoints or routes are incorrectly entered or do not match the current location, the GPS device may navigate to the wrong place. To avoid this issue, it is essential to double-check the entries and ensure that they are accurate and up-to-date.
  4. Low battery life: If the GPS device's battery life is everyday, it may be unable to navigate or shut down unexpectedly. It is essential to monitor the battery life and carry spare batteries or a power bank if necessary to avoid this issue.

In summary, navigating with a GPS device involves selecting the appropriate activity type, navigating to your desired location, and reading the information displayed on the device. To troubleshoot common navigation issues, it is essential to address poor signal reception, incorrect calibration, incorrect data entry, and low battery life. Following these tips, you can use a GPS device to navigate safely and effectively on the trail.


Section 5: Enhancing Your GPS Navigation Skills

While basic GPS navigation skills can help you navigate on the trail, some advanced techniques and strategies can enhance your GPS navigation skills. This section will discuss advanced navigation techniques, methods for practicing GPS navigation, and how to combine GPS navigation with paper maps and compasses.

Advanced GPS navigation techniques Once you have mastered the basics of GPS navigation, you can explore advanced navigation techniques that can help you navigate more efficiently and accurately. Some advanced GPS navigation techniques include:

  1. Using multiple waypoints: By using various waypoints, you can create a more precise and accurate route that considers the terrain and other environmental factors.
  2. Creating custom maps: Some GPS devices allow you to create custom maps by overlaying your GPS data onto satellite imagery or topographical maps, which can provide more detailed and accurate information about the surrounding area.
  3. Using advanced features: Many GPS devices have advanced features, such as tracking modes, breadcrumb trails, and trip planning tools, that can help you navigate more efficiently and effectively.

Strategies for practicing GPS navigation To become proficient at GPS navigation, it is important to practice regularly and in various environments. Here are some strategies for practicing GPS navigation:

  1. Practice in different environments: Practice GPS navigation in various settings, such as open fields, forests, and mountainous terrain, to become familiar with the other challenges and techniques required in each domain.
  2. Set challenges: Set challenges for yourself, such as navigating to a specific location without a predefined route, to test your skills and develop new techniques.
  3. Practice with others: Practicing GPS navigation can help you learn new techniques and get feedback on your skills.
Learning to get from A to B, one windy afternoon in the New Forest.
Photo by Annie Spratt / Unsplash

Combining GPS navigation with paper maps and compasses While GPS navigation can be a valuable tool for navigating on the trail, it is essential to combine it with paper maps and compasses to ensure that you have a backup navigation system in case your GPS device malfunctions or loses signal. Here are some tips for combining GPS navigation with paper maps and compasses:

  1. Please familiarize yourself with paper maps and compasses: Before setting out on a hike, familiarize yourself with paper maps and compasses and practice using them.
  2. Plan your route: Plan your route using the GPS device and paper map, and mark essential waypoints and landmarks on the map.
  3. Use the compass for orientation: Use the compass to orient yourself and ensure that you are heading in the correct direction.
  4. Monitor your progress: Use the GPS device and paper map together to monitor your progress and ensure that you are on the correct path.

In summary, advanced GPS navigation techniques, regular practice, and combining GPS navigation with paper maps and compasses can enhance your GPS navigation skills and help you navigate more efficiently and effectively on the trail. You can navigate safely and confidently in any environment by using a combination of GPS navigation, paper maps, and compasses.


In conclusion, GPS navigation can be a valuable tool for navigating the trail. Still, it is essential to understand the basics of GPS navigation and how to choose and use the suitable GPS device for your needs. Some key takeaways from this article include:

  • Understanding how GPS works and how to read GPS coordinates
  • Knowing the different types of GPS devices and factors to consider when choosing one for hiking
  • Learning how to set up and navigate with a GPS device and how to troubleshoot common issues
  • Enhancing your GPS navigation skills by practicing advanced techniques and combining GPS navigation with paper maps and compasses.

Following these key takeaways and regularly practicing your GPS navigation skills, you can confidently and safely navigate on the trail, whether hiking, backpacking, or camping. Remember always to bring a backup navigation system, such as paper maps and compasses, and to have a basic understanding of map and compass skills to ensure your safety outdoors.


Q. What is the difference between GPS and GLONASS?

A. GPS (Global Positioning System) and GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System) are satellite-based navigation systems. Both systems use satellites to determine your location on Earth, but they have different networks and protocols. GLONASS is a Russian navigation system that operates on a different frequency than GPS and can provide faster and more accurate positioning in northern latitudes.

Q. Can GPS devices work without an internet connection?

A. GPS devices work without an internet connection because they receive signals from satellites orbiting the Earth. GPS devices do not rely on cellular data or Wi-Fi to determine your location.

Q. What is the accuracy of GPS coordinates?

A. The accuracy of GPS coordinates can vary based on several factors, such as the quality of the GPS device, the number of satellites in view, the terrain, and weather conditions. However, modern GPS devices can provide accuracy within a few meters or even centimeters.

Q. How do I update the maps on my GPS device?

A. The process for updating maps on a GPS device can vary depending on the device and the manufacturer. Some devices allow you to update maps through a Wi-Fi or cellular connection, while others require you to connect the device to a computer and use software to update the maps.

Q. Are GPS devices waterproof?

B. Not all GPS devices are waterproof, but many are designed to be water-resistant or waterproof. When purchasing a GPS device for outdoor use, it is essential to look for a device with an IPX rating that indicates its level of water resistance. Investing in a protective case to protect the device from water and other elements is also a good idea.